“Inclusiveness is not necessary from a food security perspective. Literature shows that there is always a trade-off between efficiency and inclusiveness. On the whole there is still massive lack of inclusiveness of poor producers. Institutional and policy environments that ‘forces’ all businesses to adapt more inclusive businesses practices are the most important factors that contribute to greater inclusiveness.”

• Vermeulen, S., L. Cotula. 2010. Making the most of agricultural investment: a survey of business models that provide opportunities for smallholders. IIED/FAO/IFAD/SDC. London/Rome/Bern.

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Drawing on a literature review, this report examines a range of business models that can be used to structure agricultural investments in lower- and middle-income countries, and that provide an alternative to large-scale land acquisitions.

 

• Foresight. 2011. Gradl, C., B. Jenkins. 2011. Tackling Barriers to Scale: From Inclusive Business Models to Inclusive Business Ecosystems. Cambridge MA: the CSR Initiative at the Harvard Kennedy School.

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This paper describes the concept of an inclusive business ecosystem, and presents three structures companies can employ to strengthen these ecosystems.

 

• Business Innovation Facility. 2011. Business Innovation Facility. 2011. Briefing Note no. 1: What is ‘Inclusive Business’? Business Innovation Facility (BIP) & Innovation Against Poverty (IAP).

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The note is trying to answer to the following questions: What is inclusive business? Why is it so exciting? What kind of business models may be supported? Why does inclusive business need support?

 

• Vorley, B., M. Lundy. 2008. Business models that are inclusive of small farmers and SMEs. Powerpoint presentation. Global Agro-Industries Forum, New Delhi, 8-11 April 2008. IIED, CIAT.

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This powerpoint presentation overviews business models in transforming economies, and elaborates on the ways to improve existing business models.

 

• Vorley, B., M. Lundy, J. MacGregor. 2008. Business models that are inclusive of small farmers. Paper prepared for FAO and UNIDO as background to the Global Agro-Industries Forum, New Delhi, 8-11 April 2008. IIED, CIAT.

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The paper describes a range of business models for inclusive market development within the context of agrifood restructuring and modernisation.

 

• Paina, L., D.H. Peters. 2011. Understanding pathways for scaling up health services through the lens of complex adaptive systems. In: Health Policy and Planning 2011: 1-9. Oxford University Press in association with The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. 

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Arguing that the dominant assumptions for scaling up are inadequate, the paper proposes that interpreting change in health systems through the lens of complex adaptive systems (CAS) provides better models of pathways for scaling up.

 

• Yumkella, K.K., P.M. Kormawa, T.M. Roepstorff, A.M. Hawkins (eds). 2011. Agribusiness for Africa’s prosperity. UNIDO: United Nations Industrial Development Organization. 

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The book identifies seven pillars of agribusiness development, the actions needed to transform subsistence agriculture into productive agribusiness: enhance productivity, upgrade value chains, exploit demand, strengthen technology, promote innovative sources of financing, stimulate private sector participation, and improve infrastructure and access to energy. Building on these pillars, it lays out an agenda for action and a practical framework to guide efforts by the entire range of stakeholders.